Título:	Seasonal and sex-related variation in vitamin D status and its association with other biochemical markers in young individuals : a cross-sectional study
Autor(es):	Mendes, Marcela Moraes Araújo, Maísa Mirande Botelho, Patrícia Borges Carvalho, Kênia Mara Baiocchi de
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-7653
Afiliação do autor:	University of Brasilia, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition Federal University of Goias, Faculty of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program University of Brasilia, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition University of Brasilia, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition
Assunto:	Vitamina D Marcadores bioquímicos Jovens
Data de publicação:	2024
Editora:	Plos One
Referência:	MENDES, Marcela Moraes et al. Seasonal and sex-related variation in vitamin D status and its association with other biochemical markers in young individuals: a cross-sectional study. Plos One, [S. l.], v. 19, n. 3, e0298862, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298862. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298862. Acesso em: 23 out. 2024.
Abstract:	Background While several studies have investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and biochemical parameters, the results are still inconsistent and mostly overlook seasonal variations. This study explored the relationships between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, biochemical markers, and seasonal variation among young males and females. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 individuals aged 18–24 years of both sexes residing in Brasilia, Brazil (latitude: 15˚S). Sociodemographic variables, season of blood collection, and serum levels of 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, and alkaline phosphatase were included. Descriptive statistics and differences among groups, correlations, and linear regression tests were performed. Results The mean age of the participants was 21.17±1.7 years, and the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 25.76±7.0 ng/mL. Of the participants, 50.7% had vitamin D insufficiency (20 to 29.9 ng/ mL), and 23.2% were vitamin D deficient (≥ 20 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was higher in the spring (53.2%) and among females (29.5%). In young men with vitamin D insufficiency/ deficiency (≥29.9 ng/mL) (n = 49), 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with HOMA-β (r = -0.234, p = 0.032) and triglyceride (r = -0.415, p = 0.003) levels. However, there were no significant correlations between 25(OH)D concentrations and biochemical markers among women with insufficient and deficient vitamin D levels. Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency among young individuals living in Brası´lia, Brazil, particularly women and during the spring season. Our findings suggest that lower 25(OH)D levels (≥29.9 ng/mL) may be associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in young men studied. However, further studies with larger representative samples are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between vitamin D and biochemical parameters.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FS) Departamento de Nutrição (FS NUT)
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana
Licença:	© 2024 Mendes et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298862
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