Título:	Evidence for scale-dependent root-augmentation feedback and its role in halting the spread of a pantropical shrub into an endemic sedge
Autor(es):	Bennett, Jamie J. R. Gomes, Anabele Stefânia Ferré, Michel A. Bera, Bidesh K. Borghetti, Fabian Callaway, Ragan M. Meron, Ehud
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-5010 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8040-0017 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-7600 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-265X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3602-7411
Afiliação do autor:	Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Sede Boqer Campus University of Brasília, Department of Botany Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Sede Boqer Campus Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Sede Boqer Campus University of Brasília, Department of Botany University of Montana, Department of Wildlife Biology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Sede Boqer Campus Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Physics Department, Beer Sheva
Assunto:	Comunidades vegetais Modelagem matemática Invasão irregular Arbustos
Data de publicação:	2023
Editora:	Oxford University Press on behalf of the National Academy of Sciences
Referência:	BENNETT, Jamie J. R. et al. Evidence for scale-dependent root-augmentation feedback and its role in halting the spread of a pantropical shrub into an endemic sedge. PNAS Nexus, [S. l.], v. 2, n. 1, pgac294, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac294. Disponível em: https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/2/1/pgac294/6936467. Acesso em: 29 maio 2024.
Abstract:	Vegetation pattern formation is a widespread phenomenon in resource-limited environments, but the driving mechanisms are largely unconfirmed empirically. Combining results of field studies and mathematical modeling, empirical evidence for a generic pattern formation mechanism is demonstrated with the clonal shrub Guilandina bonduc L. (hereafter Guilandina) on the Brazilian island of Trindade. The mechanism is associated with water conduction by laterally spread roots and root augmentation as the shoot grows—a crucial element in the positive feedback loop that drives spatial patterning. Assuming precipitation-dependent root–shoot relations, the model accounts for the major vegetation landscapes on Trindade Island, substantiating lateral root augmentation as the driving mechanism of Guilandina patterning. Guilandina expands into surrounding communities dominated by the Trindade endemic, Cyperus atlanticus Hemsl. (hereafter Cyperus). It appears to do so by decreasing the water potential in soils below Cyperus through its dense lateral roots, leaving behind a patchy Guilandina-only landscape. We use this system to highlight a novel form of invasion, likely to apply to many other systems where the invasive species is pattern-forming. Depending on the level of water stress, the invasion can take two distinct forms: (i) a complete invasion at low stress that culminates in a patchy Guilandina-only landscape through a spot-replication process, and (ii) an incomplete invasion at high stress that begins but does not spread, forming isolated Guilandina spots of fixed size, surrounded by bare-soil halos, in an otherwise uniform Cyperus grassland. Thus, drier climates may act selectively on pattern-forming invasive species, imposing incomplete invasion and reducing the negative effects on native species.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (IB) Departamento de Botânica (IB BOT)
Licença:	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac294
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