Título:	Comparing unmanned aerial multispectral and hyperspectral imagery for harmful algal bloom monitoring in artificial ponds used for fish farming
Autor(es):	Olivetti, Diogo Cicerelli, Rejane Ennes Martinez, Jean-Michel Almeida, Tati de Casari, Raphael Augusto das Chagas Noqueli Borges, Henrique Dantas Roig, Henrique Llacer
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8199-5163 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-8512
Afiliação do autor:	University of Brasília, Institute of Geosciences University of Brasília, Institute of Geosciences University of Brasília, Institute of Geosciences Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR5563, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Toulouse 3, University of Brasília, Institute of Geosciences University of Brasília, Institute of Geosciences University of Brasília, Institute of Geosciences
Assunto:	Água Sensoriamento remoto Aeronaves remotamente pilotadas Drones Clorofila-a Cianobactéria
Data de publicação:	21-Jun-2023
Editora:	MDPI
Referência:	OLIVETTI, Diogo et al. Comparing unmanned aerial multispectral and hyperspectral imagery for harmful algal bloom monitoring in artificial ponds used for fish farming. Drones, [S. l.], v. 7, n. 7, 410. DOU: https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7070410. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/7/7/410.
Abstract:	This work aimed to assess the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multi- and hyper-spectral platforms to estimate chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and cyanobacteria in experimental fishponds in Brazil. In addition to spectral resolutions, the tested platforms differ in the price, payload, imaging system, and processing. Hyperspectral airborne surveys were conducted using a push-broom system 276-band Headwall Nano-Hyperspec camera onboard a DJI Matrice 600 UAV. Multispectral airborne surveys were conducted using a global shutter-frame 4-band Parrot Sequoia camera onboard a DJI Phantom 4 UAV. Water quality field measurements were acquired using a portable fluorometer and laboratory analysis. The concentration ranged from 14.3 to 290.7 µg/L and from 0 to 112.5 µg/L for Chl-a and cyanobacteria, respectively. Forty-one Chl-a and cyanobacteria bio-optical retrieval models were tested. The UAV hyperspectral image achieved robust Chl-a and cyanobacteria assessments, with RMSE values of 32.8 and 12.1 µg/L, respectively. Multispectral images achieved Chl-a and cyanobacteria retrieval with RMSE values of 47.6 and 35.1 µg/L, respectively, efficiently mapping the broad Chl-a concentration classes. Hyperspectral platforms are ideal for the robust monitoring of Chl-a and CyanoHABs; however, the integrated platform has a high cost. More accessible multispectral platforms may represent a trade-off between the mapping efficiency and the deployment costs, provided that the multispectral cameras offer narrow spectral bands in the 660–690 nm and 700–730 nm ranges for Chl-a and in the 600–625 nm and 700–730 nm spectral ranges for cyanobacteria.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Instituto de Geociências (IG)
Licença:	Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7070410
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