Title:	Hydroxamate production as a high affinity iron acquisition mechanism in Paracoccidioides Spp.
Authors:	Bailão, Mirelle Garcia Silva Bailão, Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Lechner, Beatrix Elisabeth Gauthier, Gregory M. Lindner, Herbert Bailão, Alexandre Melo Haas, Hubertus Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida
Assunto::	Ferro no organismo Paracoccidioidomicose Micoses sistêmicas Sideróforos
Issue Date:	26-Aug-2014
Publisher:	Plos One
Citation:	BAILÃO, Mirelle Garcia Silva et al. Hydroxamate production as a high affinity iron acquisition mechanism in Paracoccidioides Spp. Plos One, v. 9, n. 8, Article e105805, 26 ago. 2014. Disponível em: <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0105805>. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2017. doi: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0105805.
Abstract:	Iron is a micronutrient required by almost all living organisms, including fungi. Although this metal is abundant, its bioavailability is low either in aerobic environments or within mammalian hosts. As a consequence, pathogenic microorganisms evolved high affinity iron acquisition mechanisms which include the production and uptake of siderophores. Here we investigated the utilization of these molecules by species of the Paracoccidioides genus, the causative agents of a systemic mycosis. It was demonstrated that iron starvation induces the expression of Paracoccidioides ortholog genes for siderophore biosynthesis and transport. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis revealed that the fungus produces and secretes coprogen B, which generates dimerumic acid as a breakdown product. Ferricrocin and ferrichrome C were detected in Paracoccidioides as the intracellular produced siderophores. Moreover, the fungus is also able to grow in presence of siderophores as the only iron sources, demonstrating that beyond producing, Paracoccidioides is also able to utilize siderophores for growth, including the xenosiderophore ferrioxamine. Exposure to exogenous ferrioxamine and dimerumic acid increased fungus survival during co-cultivation with macrophages indicating that these molecules play a role during host-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, cross-feeding experiments revealed that Paracoccidioides siderophores promotes growth of Aspergillus nidulans strain unable to produce these iron chelators. Together, these data denote that synthesis and utilization of siderophores is a mechanism used by Paracoccidioides to surpass iron limitation. As iron paucity is found within the host, siderophore production may be related to fungus pathogenicity.
Licença::	Copyright: © 2014 Silva-Bailão et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
DOI:	https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105805
Appears in Collections:	Artigos publicados em periódicos e afins

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