Investigating power factor definitions in the context of unbalanced loads and voltages

Brasil, Victor P.; Ishihara, João Yoshiyuki; Ferreira Filho, Anésio de Leles

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Campo DC	Valor	Idioma
dc.contributor.author	Brasil, Victor P.	-
dc.contributor.author	Ishihara, João Yoshiyuki	-
dc.contributor.author	Ferreira Filho, Anésio de Leles	-
dc.date.accessioned	2025-09-17T15:26:17Z	-
dc.date.available	2025-09-17T15:26:17Z	-
dc.date.issued	2024-05-20	-
dc.identifier.citation	BRASIL, Victor P.; ISHIHARA, João Yoshiyuki; FERREIRA FILHO, Anésio de Leles. Investigating power factor definitions in the context of unbalanced loads and voltages. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, v. 39, n. 4, p. 2340-2355, 2024. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3403040. Disponível em: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10534870. Acesso em: 25 ago. 2025.	pt_BR
dc.identifier.uri	http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/52456	-
dc.language.iso	eng	pt_BR
dc.publisher	IEEE	pt_BR
dc.rights	Acesso Restrito	pt_BR
dc.title	Investigating power factor definitions in the context of unbalanced loads and voltages	pt_BR
dc.type	Artigo	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Fator de potência	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Distorção harmônica	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Desequilíbrio de tensão	pt_BR
dc.identifier.doi	10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3403040	pt_BR
dc.relation.publisherversion	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10534870	pt_BR
dc.description.abstract1	The power factor (PF), an indicator of how efficiently the load is drawing energy from the grid and whether load compensation is necessary, should not be influenced by unbalances and harmonics present in the voltages. However, these phenomena can affect the readings of each PF definition, potentially leading to unfair scenarios for the customer or the utility. In the literature, the PF billing of unbalanced loads has not been evaluated considering unbalanced non-sinusoidal voltages. To address this gap, this paper investigates five definitions (per-phase fundamental PF, and three-phase fundamental arithmetic, geometric, and positive-sequence PFs, and effective PF) when an extensive set of unbalanced non-sinusoidal voltage conditions are applied to balanced and unbalanced constant impedance loads via computational simulations and experimental tests, which reveals that all definitions, except the fundamental geometric and positive-sequence PFs, are sensitive to unbalances present in the supply voltage when applied to unbalanced constant resistive loads. Analytical expressions are developed for each PF definition, revealing that they are non-linear functions of the VUF and the load's admittances. It is also proposed admittance factors that can be employed for billing purposes because they do not depend on the voltages but solely on the load's characteristics.	pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-3330	pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5916-0207	pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-4717	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	Universidade de Brasília, Department of Electrical Engineering	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	Universidade de Brasília, Department of Electrical Engineering	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	Universidade de Brasília, Department of Electrical Engineering	pt_BR
dc.description.unidade	Faculdade de Tecnologia (FT)	pt_BR
dc.description.unidade	Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica (FT ENE)	pt_BR
dc.description.ppg	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica	pt_BR
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