Título:	Acute toxicity of commercial wildfire retardants to two daphniid species (Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna)
Autor(es):	Brito, Darlan Quinta Oliveira, Carlos Henke Oliveira Filho, Eduardo Cyrino
Afiliação do autor:	University of Brasília, Faculty UnB at Planaltina University of Brasília, Department of Ecology Embrapa Cerrados
Assunto:	Incêndios florestais - prevenção e controle Água Microcrustáceos
Data de publicação:	29-Jul-2024
Editora:	MDPI
Referência:	BRITO, Darlan Quinta; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Henke; OLIVEIRA FILHO, Eduardo Cyrino. Acute toxicity of commercial wildfire retardants to two daphniid species (Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna). Toxics 2024, v. 12, n. 8, 548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080548. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/8/548. Acesso em: 22 ourt. 2024.
Abstract:	In the face of global climate change, there has been an increase in wildfires around the world, highlighting the need for improved firefighting techniques, such as the use of fire retardants (FRs). These products can enter aquatic systems directly or through runoff, posing potential risks to aquatic biota. In this study, the acute toxicity (24-h/48-h EC50) of three distinct FRs (N-Borate, N-Phosphate+, and N-Phosphate−) was assessed on the immobility of freshwater microcrustaceans Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna. The toxicity of the FRs varied up to two orders of magnitude, all of which presented risks to cladocerans even at dilutions much below those recommended by their manufacturers. Among the tested FRs, N-Phosphate− emerged as the most harmful to both species. Specifically, for C. dubia, the 24 h EC50 was 0.005% and the 48 h EC50 was 0.0019%, while for D. magna, 24 h EC50 was 0.003% and the 48 h EC50 was 0.0023%. With the increasing use of FRs for wildfire control, our study highlights the toxicity of newly formulated FRs to daphniid species and emphasizes the need for further evidence-based evaluations of their effects on freshwater ecosystems, which is crucial for choosing FRs that pose the lowest hazard to zooplankton communities.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade UnB Planaltina (FUP) Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (IB) Departamento de Ecologia (IB ECL)
Licença:	© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080548
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