Título:	Effects of incubation temperature on development, morphology, and thermal physiology of the emerging Neotropical lizard model organism Tropidurus torquatus
Autor(es):	Lima, Anderson Kennedy Soares de Oliveira, Carlos Henke de Taylor,  Aline Pic Klaczko, Julia
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-8584 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-8814 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9215-380X
Afiliação do autor:	University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Applied Ecology University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Laboratory of Embryology and Developmental Biology University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences
Assunto:	Desenvolvimento das espécies Incubação - temperatura Lagarto - Cerrados Fisiologia térmica
Data de publicação:	13-Out-2022
Editora:	Nature Research
Referência:	DE-LIMA, Anderson Kennedy Soares et al. Effects of incubation temperature on development, morphology, and thermal physiology of the emerging Neotropical lizard model organism Tropidurus torquatus. Scientific Reports, [s. l.], v. 12, e17153, 2022. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21450-7. Disponível em: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-21450-7. Acesso em: 21 set. 2023.
Abstract:	Incubation temperature is among the main phenotypic trait variation drivers studied since the developmental trajectory of oviparous animals is directly affected by environmental conditions. In the last decades, global warming predictions have aroused interest in understanding its impacts on biodiversity. It is predicted that the effects of direct warming will be exacerbated by other anthropogenic factors, such as microclimatic edge effects. Although the Brazilian Cerrado biome is one of the most affected by these issues, little is known about the aforementioned effects on its biodiversity. Therefore, the aim of our study is to investigate the influence of incubation temperature on developmental parameters, morphology and thermal physiology traits of the collared lizard (Tropidurus torquatus). Furthermore, we discuss our findings regarding lizard developmental biology and the climate change paradigm. Therefore, we incubated T. torquatus eggs under five temperature regimes ranging from artificial nest temperature (28.7 °C) to 35.0 °C. We found that elevated incubation temperatures affect several investigated traits: egg mass gain is positively affected, without any influence in newborn mass; incubation period is broadly reduced with temperature increase; survival rate is negatively affected by temperature, constant 35.0 °C regime is confirmed as a lethal incubation temperature, and the sex ratio is affected at 30.0 °C, with a prevailing outbreak of females. Increased incubation temperature also affects body and head size but has no effect on limb size. Newborn thermoregulation and the critical thermal maximum (CT max ) are not affected by incubation temperature. On the other hand, basal body temperature (T bb ) and the critical thermal minimum (CT min ) were positively affected. Thermal physiology was also affected by age, with newborns differing from adults for all analyzed thermal traits. Our findings indicate that future modifications in incubation temperature regimes at nesting sites caused by warming may affect several features of the development, morphology, and thermal physiology of newborns of this species. Laboratory experiments have pointed to possible drastic effects of warming on lizard survival rates, also affecting aspects of its natural history and population distribution. Moreover, in addition to being more vulnerable than adults in aspects such as predation and feeding, T. torquatus newborns are also more vulnerable regarding thermal physiological traits.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (IB) Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (IB CFS) Departamento de Ecologia (IB ECL) Departamento de Genética e Morfologia (IB GEM)
Licença:	(CC-BY) Open Access - This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by/4. 0/.
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21450-7
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