Título:	Molecular characterization and biofilm-formation analysis of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli isolated from Brazilian swine slaughterhouses
Autor(es):	Santos, Rebecca Lavarini dos Davanzo, Emilia Fernanda Agostinho Palma, Joana Marchesini Castro, Virgílio Hipólito de Lemos Costa, Hayanna Maria Boaventura da Dallago, Bruno Stéfano Lima Perecmanis, Simone Santana, Ângela Patrícia
E-mail do autor:	mailto:rebecca.lavarini@gmail.com mailto:patvet@unb.br
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8051-501X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4958-2569 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-9831
Assunto:	Escherichia coli Resistência antimicrobiana Salmonela Biofilme
Data de publicação:	20-Set-2022
Referência:	SANTOS, Rebecca Lavarini dos et. al. Molecular characterization and biofilm-formation analysis of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli isolated from Brazilian swine slaughterhouses. PLoS ONE, v. 17, n. 9, art. e0274636, set. 2022. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0274636. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0274636. Acesso em: 07 nov. 2022.
Abstract:	This study aimed to verify the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli in two Brazilian swine slaughterhouses, as well as to perform antibiograms, detect virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and evaluate the in vitro biofilm-forming capability of bacterial isolates from these environments. One Salmonella Typhi isolate and 21 E. coli isolates were detected, while L. monocytogenes was not detected. S. Typhi was isolated from the carcass cooling chamber’s floor, resistant to several antimicrobials, including nalidixic acid, cefazolin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and sulfonamide, and contained resistance genes, such as tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), and ampC. It also showed moderate biofilm-forming capacity at 37°C after incubating for 72 h. The prevalence of the 21 E. coli isolates was also the highest on the carcass cooling chamber floor (three of the four samplings [75%]). The E. coli isolates were resistant to 12 of the 13 tested antimicrobials, and none showed sensitivity to chloramphenicol, an antimicrobial prohibited in animal feed since 2003 in Brazil. The resistance genes MCR-1, MCR-3, sul1, ampC, clmA, cat1, tet(A), tet(B), and blaSHV, as well as the virulence genes stx-1, hlyA, eae, tir α, tir β, tir γ, and saa were detected in the E. coli isolates. Moreover, 5 (23.8%) and 15 (71.4%) E. coli isolates presented strong and moderate biofilm-forming capacity, respectively. In general, the biofilm-forming capacity increased after incubating for 72 h at 10°C. The biofilm-forming capacity was the lowest after incubating for 24 h at 37°C. Due to the presence of resistance and virulence genes, multi-antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming capacity, the results of this study suggest a risk to the public health as these pathogens are associated with foodborne diseases, which emphasizes the hazard of resistance gene propagation in the environment.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV)
Licença:	Plos One - This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Fonte: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/licenses-and-copyright. Acesso em: 07 nov. 2022.
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274636
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