Título:	The potential use of geophysical methods to identify cavities, sinkholes and pathways for water infiltration
Autor(es):	Hussain, Yawar Uagoda, Rogério Elias Soares Borges, Welitom Rodrigues Nunes, José Gustavo da Silva Hamza, Omar Condori, Cristobal Aslam, Khurram Dou, Jie Cárdenas-Soto, Martín
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4155-6764 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9448-1313 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-1947 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6184-4085 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5048-0423 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-199X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6586-469X
Assunto:	Geofísica - metodologia Infiltração
Data de publicação:	14-Ago-2020
Editora:	MDPI
Referência:	HUSSAIN, Yawar et al. The potential use of geophysical methods to identify cavities, sinkholes and pathways for water infiltration. Water, v. 12, n. 8, 2289, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082289. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/8/2289. Acesso em: 16 jun. 2021.
Abstract:	The use of geophysical characterization of karst systems can provide an economical and non-invasive alternative for extracting information about cavities, sinkholes, pathways for water infiltration as well as the degree of karstification of underlying carbonate rocks. In the present study, three geophysical techniques, namely, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLFEM) methods were applied at three different locations in relation to fluvial karst, which is listed as an environmentally sensitive area in Rio Vermelho, Mambaí, Goiás, Brazil. In the data acquisition phase, the GPR, direct-current (DC) resistivity and VLFEM profiles were obtained at the three locations in the area. Data were analyzed using commonly adopted processing workflows. The GPR results showed a well-defined lithology of the site based on the amplitude of the signal and radar typologies. On the other hand, the inverted resistivity cross-sections showed a three-layered stratigraphy, pathways of water infiltration and the weathered structures in carbonate (Bambui group). The interpretation of VLFEM as contours of current density resulted from Fraser and Karous–Hjelt filters, indicated the presence of conductive structures (high apparent current density) that might be linked to the weathered carbonate and other conductive and resistive anomalies associated with the water-filled and dry cavities (cave), respectively. The results encourage the integrated application of geophysical techniques such as the reconnaissance for further detailed characterization of the karst areas.
Licença:	© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082289
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