The use of the anticoagulant heparin and corticosteroid dexamethasone as prominent treatments for COVID-19

Melo, Heloísa Antoniella Braz de; Faria, Sara Socorro; Nascimento, Gabriel Pasquarelli do; Santos, Igor de Oliveira; Kobinger, Gary P.; Magalhães, Kelly Grace

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Campo DC	Valor	Idioma
dc.contributor.author	Melo, Heloísa Antoniella Braz de	-
dc.contributor.author	Faria, Sara Socorro	-
dc.contributor.author	Nascimento, Gabriel Pasquarelli do	-
dc.contributor.author	Santos, Igor de Oliveira	-
dc.contributor.author	Kobinger, Gary P.	-
dc.contributor.author	Magalhães, Kelly Grace	-
dc.date.accessioned	2021-05-17T21:38:34Z	-
dc.date.available	2021-05-17T21:38:34Z	-
dc.date.issued	2021-04-23	-
dc.identifier.citation	BRAZ-DE-MELO, Heloísa Antoniella et al. The use of the anticoagulant heparin and corticosteroid dexamethasone as prominent treatments for COVID-19. Frontiers in Medicine, v. 8, art. 615333, abril 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.615333. Disponível em: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.615333/full. Acesso em: 17 maio 2021.	pt_BR
dc.identifier.uri	https://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/40929	-
dc.language.iso	Inglês	pt_BR
dc.publisher	Frontiers	pt_BR
dc.rights	Acesso Aberto	pt_BR
dc.title	The use of the anticoagulant heparin and corticosteroid dexamethasone as prominent treatments for COVID-19	pt_BR
dc.type	Artigo	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Anticoagulantes (Medicina)	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Dexametasona	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Covid-19	pt_BR
dc.rights.license	Copyright © 2021 Braz-de-Melo, Faria, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento, Santos, Kobinger and Magalhães. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms	pt_BR
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.615333	pt_BR
dc.description.abstract1	COVID-19 is spreading worldwide at disturbing rates, overwhelming global healthcare. Mounting death cases due to disease complications highlight the necessity of describing efficient drug therapy strategies for severe patients. COVID-19 severity associates with hypercoagulation and exacerbated inflammation, both influenced by ACE2 downregulation and cytokine storm occurrence. In this review, we discuss the applicability of the anticoagulant heparin and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid dexamethasone for managing severe COVID-19 patients. The upregulated inflammation and blood clotting may be mitigated by administrating heparin and its derivatives. Heparin enhances the anticoagulant property of anti-thrombin (AT) and may be useful in conjunction with fibrinolytic drugs for severe COVID-19 patients. Besides, heparin can also modulate immune responses, alleviating TNF-α-mediated inflammation, impairing IL-6 production and secretion, and binding to complement proteins and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Moreover, heparin may present anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential once it can impact viral infectivity and alter SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein architecture. Another feasible approach is the administration of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Although glucocorticoid's administration for viral infection managing is controversial, there is increasing evidence demonstrating that dexamethasone treatment is capable of drastically diminishing the death rate of patients presenting with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that required invasive mechanical ventilation. Importantly, dexamethasone may be detrimental by impairing viral clearance and inducing hyperglycemia and sodium retention, hence possibly being deleterious for diabetics and hypertensive patients, two major COVID-19 risk groups. Therefore, while heparin's multitarget capacity shows to be strongly beneficial for severe COVID-19 patients, dexamethasone should be carefully administered taking into consideration underlying medical conditions and COVID-19 disease severity. Therefore, we suggest that the multitarget impact of heparin as an anti-viral, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory drug in the early stage of the COVID-19 could significantly reduce the need for dexamethasone treatment in the initial phase of this disease. If the standard treatment of heparins fails on protecting against severe illness, dexamethasone must be applied as a potent anti-inflammatory shutting-down the uncontrolled and exacerbated inflammation.	pt_BR
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