Título:	Inheritance of DNA transferred from American Trypanosomes to human hosts
Autor(es):	Hecht, Mariana M. Nitz, Nadjar Araujo, Perla F. Sousa, Alessandro O. Rosa, Ana de Cássia Gomes, Dawidson A. Leonardecz, Eduardo Teixeira, Antônio Raimundo Lima Cruz
Assunto:	DNA Genoma humano Chagas, Doença de Tripanossoma cruzi
Data de publicação:	2010
Editora:	Plos
Referência:	Hecht, Mariana M. et al. Inheritance of DNA transferred from American Trypanosomes to human hosts. PLoS ONE, v. 5, n. 2, e9181, 2010. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009181. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009181. Acesso em: 06 fev. 2019.
Abstract:	Interspecies DNA transfer is a major biological process leading to the accumulation of mutations inherited by sexual reproduction among eukaryotes. Lateral DNA transfer events and their inheritance has been challenging to document. In this study we modified a thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR by using additional targeted primers, along with Southern blots, fluorescence techniques, and bioinformatics, to identify lateral DNA transfer events from parasite to host. Instances of naturally occurring human infections by Trypanosoma cruzi are documented, where mitochondrial minicircles integrated mainly into retrotransposable LINE-1 of various chromosomes. The founders of five families show minicircle integrations that were transferred vertically to their progeny. Microhomology end-joining of 6 to 22 AC-rich nucleotide repeats in the minicircles and host DNA mediates foreign DNA integration. Heterogeneous minicircle sequences were distributed randomly among families, with diversity increasing due to subsequent rearrangement of inserted fragments. Mosaic recombination and hitchhiking on retrotransposition events to different loci were more prevalent in germ line as compared to somatic cells. Potential new genes, pseudogenes, and knockouts were identified. A pathway of minicircle integration and maintenance in the host genome is suggested. Thus, infection by T. cruzi has the unexpected consequence of increasing human genetic diversity, and Chagas disease may be a fortuitous share of negative selection. This demonstration of contemporary transfer of eukaryotic DNA to the human genome and its subsequent inheritance by descendants introduces a significant change in the scientific concept of evolutionary biology and medicine.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Medicina (FMD)
Licença:	©2010 Hecht et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
DOI:	https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009181
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